Frozen Shoulder

What is a Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterised by pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. This condition typically progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing. Each stage presents distinct symptoms and challenges, impacting the range of motion and overall functionality of the shoulder.

The shoulder joint is a complex and highly mobile structure made up of bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. These components work together to allow a wide range of motion. However, when adhesive capsulitis occurs, the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint thickens and tightens, restricting movement and causing significant discomfort.

Acknowledging a frozen shoulder is crucial for effective management and treatment. By recognizing the symptoms and seeking timely intervention, individuals can improve their quality of life and restore shoulder mobility.

frozen shoulder treatment

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

Stage 1: Freezing Stage

The initial phase of a frozen shoulder is known as the freezing stage. During this period, the shoulder experiences increasing pain and stiffness. Movement becomes progressively restricted, and simple tasks can become challenging. This stage can last anywhere from six weeks to nine months, with pain often worsening at night.

Stage 2: Frozen Stage

In the frozen stage, the pain may begin to subside, but the shoulder remains stiff. This stage is marked by a significant loss of motion, making it difficult to perform everyday activities. The duration of the frozen stage can vary, typically lasting between four to six months. Despite the reduced pain, the limited range of motion can be frustrating and debilitating.

Stage 3: Thawing Stage

The thawing stage is the final phase of a frozen shoulder. During this period, the shoulder gradually regains its range of motion. The stiffness begins to decrease, and movement becomes easier. The thawing stage can last from six months to two years, with most individuals experiencing a significant improvement in shoulder function over time.

Causes and Risk Factors of Frozen Shoulder

The exact cause of a frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but several factors can increase the risk of developing this condition. These factors include:

  • Age and gender: Frozen shoulder is most common in people between the ages of 40 and 60, and it affects women more frequently than men.
  • Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular disease, are associated with a higher risk of developing frozen shoulders.
  • Inactivity or immobilisation: Prolonged periods of inactivity or immobilisation, such as after surgery or an injury, can increase the likelihood of developing a frozen shoulder.
  • Other factors: Genetics, autoimmune diseases, and other shoulder conditions can also contribute to the development of adhesive capsulitis.

Diagnosis of Frozen Shoulder

Diagnosing a frozen shoulder involves a thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional. The diagnosis process typically includes:

  • Medical history review: The doctor will review the patient’s medical history and ask about symptoms, including the onset and progression of pain and stiffness.
  • Physical examination: A physical examination of the shoulder will be conducted to assess the range of motion and identify any areas of tenderness or swelling.
  • Imaging tests: Imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans, may be used to rule out other conditions and confirm the diagnosis of frozen shoulder.

Treatments for Frozen Shoulder

Our frozen shoulder treatment aims to reduce pain and restore the range of motion. Treatment options include:

  • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage pain and inflammation. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary.
  • Physical therapy: Physical therapy plays a crucial role in treating frozen shoulders. A physical therapist will guide patients through stretching and strengthening exercises to improve shoulder mobility.
  • Steroid injections: Corticosteroid injections can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain in the shoulder joint.
  • Surgery: In severe cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, surgery may be recommended. Surgical options include manipulation under anaesthesia and arthroscopic capsular release.

Stretching Routines for Relief of Frozen Shoulders

Incorporating specific stretching routines into your daily regimen can help alleviate symptoms of a frozen shoulder and improve your range of motion. Some effective stretching exercises include:

  • Pendulum stretch: Stand and bend at the waist, allowing the affected arm to hang down. Gently swing the arm in small circles, gradually increasing the range of motion.
  • Towel stretch: Hold a towel behind your back with both hands. Use the unaffected arm to gently pull the affected arm upward, stretching the shoulder.
  • Cross-body stretch: Use the unaffected arm to gently pull the affected arm across your body, stretching the shoulder muscles.

Frequently Asked Questions

The fastest way to heal a frozen shoulder involves a combination of treatments, including physical therapy, medications, and possibly steroid injections. Adhering to a consistent exercise routine and following your healthcare provider’s recommendations can expedite recovery.
The main cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but risk factors include age, gender, medical conditions, and periods of inactivity or immobilisation.
Vitamin D is often recommended for joint and bone health, which can be beneficial for individuals with frozen shoulders. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplements.
Both heat and ice can be beneficial for managing frozen shoulder symptoms. Ice can help reduce inflammation and numb pain, while heat can relax tight muscles and improve blood flow. Alternating between heat and ice therapy may provide the optimal results.